What are the risk factors for breast cancer? Most women who have one or more breast cancer risk factors never develop breast cancer, while many women with breast cancer have no known risk factors (other than being a woman and growing older). Even when a woman with risk factors develops breast cancer, it’s hard to know just how much these factors might have contributed. Some risk factors, like a person's age or race, can't be changed. Other risk factors are linked to cancer- causing factors in the environment or to personal behaviors, such as smoking, drinking, and diet. Some factors affect risk more than others, and your risk for breast cancer can change over time, due to things like aging or lifestyle. Breast cancer risk factors you cannot change. The main risk factors for breast cancer are things you cannot change: being a woman, getting older, and having certain gene changes. These make your risk of breast cancer higher. But having a risk factor, or even many, does not mean that you are sure to get the disease. Being a woman. Simply being a woman is the main risk factor for breast cancer. Men can have breast cancer, too, but this disease is about 1. This might be because men have less of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone, which can promote breast cancer cell growth. Getting older. As you get older, your risk of breast cancer goes up. Most invasive breast cancers (those that have spread from where they started) are found in women age 5. Certain inherited genes. About 5% to 1. 0% of breast cancer cases are thought to be hereditary, meaning that they result directly from gene defects (called mutations) passed on from a parent. BRCA1 and BRCA2: The most common cause of hereditary breast cancer is an inherited mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. In normal cells, these genes help prevent cancer by making proteins that help keep the cells from growing abnormally. Mutated versions of these genes cannot stop abnormal growth, and that can lead to cancer. If you have inherited a mutated copy of either gene from a parent, you have a higher risk of breast cancer. For BRCA2 mutations the risk is lower, around 4. Women with these inherited mutations also have a higher risk of developing other cancers, mainly ovarian cancer. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in very few foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. Donald Trump’s Strongest Supporters: A Certain Kind. Donald Trump’s Strongest Supporters: A. He leads among Republican women and among. These gene mutations are much less common and most of them do not increase the risk of breast cancer as much as the BRCA genes. They are seldom causes of inherited breast cancer. ATM: The ATM gene normally helps repair damaged DNA. Get daily NCAA football breaking news and opinions on Outkick The Coverage, a college football blog with intelligent columns. Discover the latest in women's fashion and new season trends at Topshop. Shop must-have dresses, coats, shoes and more. Free delivery on orders over June 29, 2016 - FDA clears first test to detect specific genetic markers for certain antibiotic-resistant bacteria directly from clinical specimens. Oldnavy.com provides the latest fashions at great prices for the whole family. Shop Men's, Women's and Kids'; departments, Womens Plus, and clothing for baby and. Strength training at Curves can help you build strength, balance and a healthier future. All in a community of other women who share your goals. Why Women Aren't Funny. Christopher Hitchens; January 2007. UBid is where you win at paying less. Find online actions starting at $1 and great discounts on the Deal of the Day. Inheriting 2 abnormal copies of this gene causes the disease ataxia- telangiectasia. Inheriting one abnormal copy of this gene has been linked to a high rate of breast cancer in some families. TP5. 3: The TP5. 3 gene gives instructions for making a protein called p. Inherited mutations of this gene cause Li- Fraumeni syndrome. People with this syndrome have an increased risk of breast cancer, as well as some other cancers such as leukemia, brain tumors, and sarcomas (cancers of bones or connective tissue). This mutation is a rare cause of breast cancer. CHEK2: Li- Fraumeni syndrome can also be caused by inherited mutations in the CHEK2 gene. A CHEK2 mutation, even when it doesn’t cause this syndrome, can increase breast cancer risk about 2- fold. PTEN: The PTEN gene normally helps regulate cell growth. Inherited mutations in this gene cause Cowden syndrome, a rare disorder that puts people at higher risk for both non- cancer and cancer tumors in the breasts, as well as growths in the digestive tract, thyroid, uterus, and ovaries. Defects in this gene can also cause a different syndrome called Bannayan- Riley- Ruvalcaba syndrome that’s not thought to be linked to breast cancer risk. The syndromes caused by mutations in PTEN can be grouped together as PTEN Tumor Hamartoma Syndrome. Certain Women TorrentBy accessing, continuing to use or navigating throughout this site you accept that we will use certain browser cookies to improve your customer experience with us. CDH1: Inherited mutations in this gene cause hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, a syndrome in which people develop a rare type of stomach cancer. Women with mutations in this gene also have an increased risk of invasive lobular breast cancer. STK1. 1: Defects in this gene can lead to Peutz- Jeghers syndrome. People affected with this disorder have pigmented spots on their lips and in their mouths, polyps in the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts, and a higher risk of many types of cancer, including breast cancer. PALB2: The PALB2 gene makes a protein that interacts with the protein made by the BRCA2 gene. Mutations in this gene can lead to a higher risk of breast cancer. It isn’t yet clear if PALB2 gene mutations also increase the risk for ovarian cancer and male breast cancer. For more on this, see Family Cancer Syndromes. Genetic testing: Genetic testing can be done to look for mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (or less commonly in other genes such as PTEN or TP5. While testing can be helpful in some cases, the pros and cons need to be considered carefully. If you’re thinking about genetic testing, it’s strongly recommended that you first talk to a genetic counselor, nurse, or doctor who can explain and interpret the results of these tests. It’s very important to understand what genetic testing can and can’t tell you, and to carefully weigh the benefits and risks of genetic testing before these tests are done. Testing costs a lot and might not be covered by some health insurance plans. For more, see Genetic Testing: What You Need to Know. Having a family history of breast cancer. It’s important to note that most women (about 8 out of 1. Women who have close blood relatives with breast cancer have a higher risk of the disease. Having a first- degree relative (mother, sister, or daughter) with breast cancer almost doubles a woman’s risk. Having 2 first- degree relatives increases her risk about 3- fold. Overall, less than 1. Having a personal history of breast cancer. A woman with cancer in one breast has a higher risk of developing a new cancer in the other breast or in another part of the same breast. In women under 4. African- American women. Asian, Hispanic, and Native American women have a lower risk of developing and dying from breast cancer. Having dense breast tissue. Breasts are made up of fatty tissue, fibrous tissue, and glandular tissue. Someone is said to have dense breasts (on a mammogram) when they have more glandular and fibrous tissue and less fatty tissue. Women with dense breasts on mammogram have a risk of breast cancer that is 1. Unfortunately, dense breast tissue can also make mammograms less accurate. A number of factors can affect breast density, such as age, menopausal status, the use of certain drugs (including menopausal hormone therapy), pregnancy, and genetics. For more on this see Breast Density and Your Mammogram Report. Certain benign breast conditions. Women diagnosed with certain benign (non- cancer) breast conditions may have a higher risk of breast cancer. Some of these conditions are more closely linked to breast cancer risk than others. Doctors often divide benign breast conditions into 3 general groups, depending on how they affect this risk. Non- proliferative lesions: These conditions are linked to an overgrowth of breast tissue. They don’t seem to affect breast cancer risk, or if they do, it’s to a very small extent. They include: Fibrosis and/or simple cysts (sometimes called fibrocystic changes or disease) Mild hyperplasia Adenosis (non- sclerosing) Phyllodes tumor (benign) A single papilloma Fat necrosis Duct ectasia Periductal fibrosis Squamous and apocrine metaplasia Epithelial- related calcifications Other benign tumors (lipoma, hamartoma, hemangioma, neurofibroma, adenomyoepthelioma)Mastitis (infection of the breast) is not a tumor and does not increase the risk of breast cancer. Proliferative lesions without atypia (cell abnormalities): In these conditions there’s excessive growth of cells in the ducts or lobules of the breast. They seem to raise a woman’s risk of breast cancer slightly. They include: Usual ductal hyperplasia (without atypia) Fibroadenoma Sclerosing adenosis Several papillomas (called papillomatosis) Radial scar. Proliferative lesions with atypia: In these conditions, the cells in the ducts or lobules of the breast tissue grow excessively, and some of them no longer look normal. These types of lesions include: Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) Atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH)Breast cancer risk is raised in women with these changes. If a woman has a family history of breast cancer and either hyperplasia or atypical hyperplasia, she has an even higher risk of breast cancer. For more on these conditions, see Non- cancerous Breast Conditions. Lobular carcinoma in situ: In lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), cells that look like cancer cells are growing in the lobules of the milk- producing glands of the breast, but they do not grow through the wall of the lobules. LCIS is also called lobular neoplasia. It’s sometimes grouped with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) as a non- invasive breast cancer, but it differs from DCIS in that it doesn’t seem to become invasive cancer if it isn’t treated. Women with lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) have a much higher risk of developing cancer in either breast. Starting menstruation (periods) before age 1. Women who have had more menstrual cycles because they started menstruating early (before age 1. The increase in risk may be due to a longer lifetime exposure to the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Going through menopause after age 5. Women who have had more menstrual cycles because they went through menopause later (after age 5. The increase in risk may because they have a longer lifetime exposure to the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Having radiation to your chest Women who as children or young adults were treated with radiation therapy to the chest for another cancer (such as Hodgkin disease or non- Hodgkin lymphoma) have a significantly higher risk for breast cancer. This varies with the patient’s age when they got radiation. And if you had chemotherapy with the radiation, it might have stopped ovarian hormone production for some time, which lowers the risk.
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